Crushing head



Sept. 8, 1925. 1,553,202

' E. B. SXMONS CRUSHING HEAD Filed Nqv. 14, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 8, 1925. 1,553,202

E. B. SYMONS CRUSHING HEAD 4 Sheefs-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 14, 192

5 B. SYMONS Sept. s, 1925.

CRUSHING HEAD 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. 14, 1924 E. B. SYMONS Sept. 8, 1925.

CRUSHING HEAD Filed Nov. 14, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 4- p a ,s 6 5 w .1 w E K J 1 7m a j a a L H Z 1 .III {M W! 1 ad w 5 W, 7. 2 C fi m A 0 a. H In I wllllu Patented Sept. 8, 1925.

EDGAR B. SYMONS, LOS ANGELES, CAL

IFORNIA, ASSIGNOR 'ro SYMONS BROTHERS COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA.

CRUSHING HEAD.

Application filed November To all whom it may concem:

Be it known that I, EDGAR B. SYMoNs, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Crushing Heads, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in gyratory cone crushing machines of the type in which the material to be crushed is fed, or is allowed to flow by gravity, through a crushing zone between a fixed concave and a cone gyrating within the concave.

One object of my invention is to provide a new and improved type of gyratory crusher adapted for fine crushing. Another object is to provide such a crusher wherein means are provided to permit a very fine 0 adjustment of the opposed cone and concave.

Another object is to provide a yieldingly supported crushing element, and particularly, a yieldingly supported crushing cone. Another object is to provide a gyratory crusher for fine reduction, which can be set for small sizes of output without risk of stoppage or breakage upon the passage thro gh the fine crushing zone of relatively large-masses of uncrushable material. An other object is to provide a simple and eflicient oillng system, to prevent the entry of dust, water or other foreign materials into thebearings, and to prevent oil leakage. Another object is to provide adjusting means for the concave supporting spider. Another object is to provide an improved type of sectional crushing mantle. Other objects will appear from time to time in the course of the specification and claims.

My invention is illustrated more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings, wherein Y Figure 1 is a plan view;

Figure 2 is a section along the line 22 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a section Figure 1;- Figure 4 .is an enlarged view of one of the valves shown in Figure 3;"

60 Figure 5 is a side elevation of the cone with the concave in section;

f Figure 6 is a section on the line 66 of Fig. 2;

on the line 83 of 14, 1924. Serial No. 749,813.

Figure 7 is a detailed ing shaft;

Figure 8 is a Figure 2.

view of an adjust Like parts are indicated by like charac- The upper end of the sleeve A is provided with a gear case A, which is formed by a flange A projecting, outwardly from the body of the sleeve A and closed by the hearing cap A". The sleeve A is provided with a tightly fitted lining A outwardlyflanged at its upper end. I

- B is an outwardly cylindrical, eccentricall apertured sleeve mounted forv rotation wit in the outer babbitt bearing A Within- It is flanged the lining A of the sleeve A. r as at B and has an annular ball bearing 1 resting uponYt-he flanged upper end of the lining A to support the downward thrust -c-aused by the weight of the eccentric and its associated parts. cured to the under" side of the flange B and located within the gear case A B is a beveled pinion inmesh with the gear B and mounted on the drive shaft B which rotates in any suitable bearings 13, carried by the bearing support B,'which in turn is carried in the sleeve AT. B is a belt pulley keyed to the shaft B The bearing cap A is spherically formed upon its upper side as at Q and supports a babbitt facing C frictional posed spherical bearing head C The head C tured, and seats upon the face C of the gyratory section C of which penetrates within the eccentric aperture of the sleeve 3 and is mounted within an inner babbitt bearing C The head is provided with a skirt 0 bolted or otherwise removably securedto the ledge C about the head and terminating supporting surface for the opsurface C of the is centrally aperupper tapered sursection on the line of it i which provi es 2. non-- shaft C, the lowerv radial arms extending B is 'a ring gear seis inwardly flanged at the top, as at D about its central aperture, to conform generally to the shape of the ledge. The peripheryof the cone is reinforced, for example, by a cylindrical section D other reinforcing might be used.

Mounted upon the hollow cone is a mantle comprising a plurality of conical rings E, E which may be of manganese steel or other suitable material, and which are pro- G and prevent head, and the mantle upon the cone.

is provided with a vided about their periphery with opposed angular portions E adapted to conform to and penetrate 'into angular recesses E in the adjacent rings. E is a securing or pressure transmitting ring adapted to engage the uppermost manganese ring and to conform to its angular irregularities. The manganese rings may rest directly upon the mantle but are preferably supported upon a layer of zinc or other suitable material E. I provide unitary means for holding the head upon the shaft, the cone upon ltllile e lock nut G is screw threaded upon the upper portion G of the shaft C and may be locked in position, for example by the key G Between it and the mantle cone and head are compressed a plurality of sets of powerful springs, comprising an outer spiral spring G3 and an inner iral spring G, the outer and inner springs eing of opposite itch. These sets of springs are comressed between the o posed spring seats G The spring seat 8 is seated by the pressure of the spring against the lock nut G and sleeve G", in which are a plurality of apertures G Upwardly projecting from the lower spring seat Gr is a central sleeve G the upper end of which is provided with teeth or lugs which mesh with the apertures relative rotation ofthe two spring seats. The bottom of the spring seat G" is provided with a spherical bearing surface G opposed to and conforming to' the spherical surface G of the ring G the bottom of said ring Gr being in engagement with the top of the ring E. Projecting upwardly and slightly outwardly from the ring G and surrounding the springs, is the cylindrical or slightly'conical casing H, which supports the feed plate H the upper surface of which forms a very flat cone. The plate H is positioned above and out of contact with the nut G and the top of the shaft C. It will be understood that the although downwardly projecting cone, mantle and feed plate can move only as a unit, owing to the pressure of the springs G, G

- J is a conical spider having a cylindrical flange J adapted to penetrate and be vertically adjustable inthe frame A It is provided with reinforcing ribs J and three laterally extended lugs J Adjusting bolts J pass through the bosses J 5 on the ring or frame A he fit being relatively loose. The lower portion of the adjusting bolt J is screw-threaded as at J 6 and is engaged by a split nut J, the two parts of which are connected by the cap screw J 8 which passes therethrough and through the flange or boss J upon the frame A The upper portion of the adjusting bolt J is screw-threaded as at J and passes through the lugs J 8 with a relatively loose fit. The lugs J 8 are countersunk as at J and the upper and lower supporting nuts J, J 17 have conical surfaces to engage these countersinks, so that when the upper adjusting nuts have been slacked off the lower nuts may be rotated to raise or lower the spider and to adjust it toward or from the crushing cone.

K, K are concave mantle sections carried by the spider and provided with zinc or other suitable packing K. K is an upper cylindrical portion about the top of the section K, the top of which is downwardly tapered as at K to conform to the downward taper of the upperedge of the spider. K are lugs about the lower periphery of the section K and are engaged by the locking bolts K which pass through the spider and serve to lock the concave sections in position. i

L is an suitablecylindrical inlet member aligned ai ove the feed plate and adapted. to dehver material thereto. It is positioned in the central aperture of the cover or hopper plate L which may support any suitable quantity of the material to be crushed, thus building up a head or reservoir of material. The plate L is supported in the ring L which in turn is supported by the arms L upon the reduced, screw-threaded portions L of the adjusting bolt J being adjusted therealong by the adjusting bolts L L.

M is a pump supporting pedestal positioned beyond the pulley B and supporting the outwardly extending end B of the drive shaft B Secured in any suitable manner in the end of said drive shaft is a worm M i'nmesh with a ,worm gear M positioned in any suitable housing M having, for example, the removable cover Mi Upon each side of 7 eccentric stud M about which is fitted the circular end M of the link M, the opposite end of which is pivoted to the guiding slide M of a piston M". M is a line passing through the cylinder M of said piston and being provided both' at its inlet and at its adapted to permit the passage of fluid in smaller piston said pipe in big}: one direction. M is. a

ownwardly projecting from the end of the piston M and penetrating the smaller cylinder M through which passes. the line M provided with similar valves M". The oil line 1W extends to a cap 0, which closes the bottom of the sleeve A The oil pumped therethrough passes upwardly along the inner and outer babbitts by means of the axial slots or apertures 0 O in said babbitts. The oil thence passes through the ball bearing B and into the interior of the casing A -or over the top of the flange B and thence into said casing.

The oil passes thence by means of the return i and installed compression of it isQheld against further line 0 to any suitable filter and thus to the main oil supply, to be drawn thence again for use in constant circulation. The bevel gear B in the course of its rotation, centrifugally throws oil into the oil pocket 0, whence it passes by the inclined oil passage: 0 to lubricate the drive shaftbearings B".

The oil line M passes directly to a circumferential oiling aperture P, positioned about the spherical bearing surface of the cap A". As the head is gyrated some of the oil works outwardly over the. rim of the bearing surface and into the circumferential-oil well P whence it flows by the inclined passage P The oil which works inwardly toward the shaft passes downwardly along the shaft over the flange B into the oil casing A Since extremely powerful springs are re quired to exert the requisite pressure upon ma ntle, cope and head, I provide means for permitting. the assembly of the spring seats at the factory and their shipment as an assembled unit. Thus when replacement is necessary the spring unit may be shipped without special equipment at the plant or location where the crusher is being used. Within a plurality of the outer spiral springs G the inner spiral spring Gr is omitted, its place being taken, when the spring unit is being prepared for shipment, by the bolt G which passes through the aperture G .in the upper spring seat G and is screw threaded into the lower spring seat as at G. These bolts or screws hold the two seats G G against axial movement in relation to each other in response'to the the springs, and; of course the. meshing of the upwardly projecting sleeve G710 withthe downwardly projecting sleeve Gr prevents their relative rotation-and the twistrng of thesprings. The unit so assembled is dropped over the end of the is screwed down spring seat,'when rotation by the The bolt G can then shaft-and the lock nut G2 until itcontacts the upper insertion of the key.

to the gear casing A and be removed and the springs will at once expand and exert a downward pressure against the mantle, cone and head. I

The use and-operation of my invention are as follows:

When the machine is set up as shown in large spherical bearing. Upon the head is mounted the open bottomed crushing cone, the lower periphery of which is reinforced, for example, by a cylindrical section. The upper edge of the cone is inwardly turned and is provided with a rolling bearing sur-' face conforming to the shoulder about the top of the head.

' Upon the cone is placed the actual crushing element, a mantle, preferably of manganese steel. I provide unit means for holding the head firmly in position upon the shaft and for holding the cone upon the head, and the head upon the mantle. These means consist of an upper spring seat and a lower spring seat with a plurality of very powerful springs compressed therebetween. By the compression of these springs the upper spring seat is forced upwardly against the massive lock nut at the top of the shaft. The lower spring seat is thrust down toward the mantle cone assembly and holds it relatively firmly against the head.

Since I use my crusher for fine reduction and wish to set the cone very close to the mantle, I provide a yielding release which will permit the passage through the crush ing zone of uncrushable material when, by any chance, it passes therethrough, without either stopping the machine or causing sion ring which in turn delivers the force of I the springs downwardly against the upper edge 'of the mantle. The mantle is by this pressure firmly seated upon the cone and as the manganese tends to spread or stretch in the course of the crushing action, it is nevertheless held firmly against the cone, since, as it stretches, it is simply pressed farther down on the cone by the spring pressure. The mantle also serves as a transmitter of this pressure to the cone itself, which is thereby firmly seated noon the head in the position shown in Figure 2. However, 1f an unbreakable piece of material passes be tween the cone and theopposed concave, the strength of the springs is such that they will be compressed before any breakage or stoppage of the machine can take place,

The cone simply tilts or rocks on the head, i

spherical bearing surface upon a compres- ,1 0-

as the fulcrum, and the cone forming, in a sense, a bell crank lever. As the cone is tilted, the spherical bearing surface of the ring is lifted, particularly on the side of the cone opposite to the interfering material. However,.the lower spring seat, being spherically surfaced, does not substantially change its position and the result is merely an upward lifting of the seat and a compression of the springs. Since the spring chamber is normally kept filled with hard oil, the opposed spherical surfaces are properly lubricated and the compression caused by the interposition of the uncrushable ma terial is substantially equally absorbed by all the springs, and the pressure of. the springs is constantly and uniformly distributed about the entire periphery of the mantle and cone. With this spring release a very fine adjustment of the cone and concave may be made without risk of stoppage or breakage of the cone. If a pieceof iron, for example, passes through the crushing zone the cone instead of cracking, will tilt. If the material being crushed is damp and compresses into an uncrushable mass the machine will not tend to stop and the only unfavorable result will be that it will permit a little over-size and a few flakes of the compressed material to pass therethrough.

The material to be crushed is fed in from above, falling freely under gravity into the crushing space between the concaveand the cone. As the cone gyrates material will be wedged or pinched between it and the concaveand each particle as soon as it has been crushed will commence to fall freely away from the concave, the distance of its fall depending on the relation betweenthe acceleration due to gravity, the rate and length of gyration of the cone and the size of the particle. The particles will fall vertically until they strike the cone and will then be deflected outwardly and downwardly until the particles reach a point at which the dis tance between the cone and the concave, at the instant the particle arrives, is equal to the diameter of the particle. At this point the downward movement of the particle ceases until it has been crushed, and the process is repeated}.

Toward its bottom the concave approaches parallelism with the cone, it being so shaped for the purpose of insuring that all material discharged from the crusher receives the maximum crushing action, or, in other words, that all material discharged through the crusher shall at some time be crushed between the opposed concave and cone when the concave and cone are at their closest to each other. The length of the zone of parallelism is governed by two factors; the speed imparted to the material by gravity, gravity being a constant force, and the interval of time between the crushing impacts when the material is permitted to drop as it is released by'the increasing distance between the opposed cone and concave. The interval of time is governed absolutely by the speed of operation of the machine. The length of the zone of parallelism must be such that all the material passing through the zone will stay inthat zone long enough to be caught at least once between the cone and the coricaye where they make their closest approach to each other, the maximum distance between concave and cone being far greater than the ultimate size of the material crushed. As the material drops freely through the crushing zone between crushing impacts, the relation of the length of the parallel zone to the interval between crushing impacts must be such that no particle can drop all the way through the zone before it is caught and crushed between the cone and concave at their line of closest approach.

Vertical adjustment of the concave is providedby means of three adjusting screws. In order to manipulate them it is necessary first to release the clamp screw which locks the concave in the split portion of the frame, and when this has been done and without further dismantling of the machine, the lower supporting nuts can be backed off until proper adjustment has been made, when the upper lock nuts can be screwed down to take the crushing pressure. Then the clamp nut and bolt is tightened up. The holding nuts are beveled and the bolt is of course somewhat smaller than the aperture through which it passes in the lug of the spider. Therefore as the adjusting nuts of one adjusting bolt are moved up or down the two remaining bolts and their associated nuts serve as a hinge about which the concave swings.

In the initial factory crusher the individual adjusting bolts or shafts are initially set or adjusted. The ad justing shafts pass through lugs on the frame with a relatively large clearance. In adjusting the spider the first stepfis to screw theadjusting shaft through the split nut until the bottom of the shaft projects through the nut, as shown in Figure 2, and then the lower spider engaging nut may be lowered into position against the top of the frame. The cap screw is then tightened to lock the split nut about the lower threaded end of the adjusting shaft to prevent further rotation of the shaft and to hold it in permanent position, The split clamp nut has V-shaped threads and when it is tightly clamped an enormous pressure is brought to bear on the shaft, amply sufficient to prevent it from turning. Its engagement with the split nut of course prevents vertical movement of the shaft since the nut is positively locked to the frame by the cap screw.

adjustment of the I annular entrance into plied to every bearing When the adjusting shaft has thus been permanently set in place, then the lower spider adjusting nut is moved to the proper position and the spider is dropped into place, resting on the lower adjusting nuts of the various adjusting shafts. Then the upper spider engaging nuts are positioned and the crusher is ready for use.

The split nut at the bottom of the shaft has as its function not merely to hold the adjusting shaft against vertical movement, but to make it possible to remove the lower part of the 'shaft in case of breakage.- If the shaft breaks at all it is likely to break adjacent its upper point of entry into the frame. Under such circumstances its removal is extremely difiicult unless access is had to its lower end. When such breakage takes place it is only necessary to loosen the split nut and the shaft may be forced through out of the frame.

Another function is to hold the shaft against rotation in case the upper adjusting nut is held against easy removal by the filling of the threads with dust or by the r becoming deformed. When the lower split clamp nut is clamped about the lower end 'of the adjusting shaft rotation'is impossible and the upper spider engaging nut can be more readily removed. v

The material to be crushed may if desired be permitted to accumulate in any suitable species of hopper or container about the perforated cover plate. Material then flows through the central aperture of the cover plate and forms a column resting on the feed plate. This column of course is of general conic form andmaterial from its base is continuously fed outwardly by the rota tion and gyration of said plate. The cover plate may be vertically adjusted to regulate the flow of material to the feed plate and when-so adjusted, the feed plate will feed a substantially constant volume of material to the crushing zone, the material being delivered substantially the crushing zone.

a The feed plate forms the top of the casing or housing which protects the springs, and is supported by the relatively cylindrical housing element which protects and incloses the springs, and which is in turn secured'to the annular upper extension of the mantle, asshown in Figure 2.

The-oiling system is simple and entirely concealed and is internal, the oil being supfrom the single oil reservoir with the sole exception that the interior of the spring housmg may be filled 4 oil. The double partly or substantially entirely with hard piston pump pumps oil simultaneously through the two lines, one

of these oil lines leading to a substantially lenticular chamber beneath the eccentric. Vertical oil ducts are cut or formed in the are also full of oil since I properly lubricated uniformly, about the I tion also serves as a babbitts between shaft and eccentric and between the eccentric and its outer bearing sleeve. These are positioned on the side of minimum pressure. Oil is pumped up these oil ducts, the oil from the outer of said ducts passing through the ball bearings which support the outwardly projecting eccentric and the oil from the inner being discharged over the top of said flange, the oil from both flowing back into the main gear housing about the eccentric. The other oil line leads, as shown in Figure 2, to the spherical bearing of the head, and passes thereabout by a circumferential duct, some of it escaping thence inwardly to the central aperture and supporting cap and passing thence outwardly over the eccentric flange, and the rest passing outwardly into the circumferential oil sump. Since the cocentric is constantly rotating, the vertical oil ducts in the babbitts areconstantly oiling the bearing surfaces of shaft, eccentric and outer bearing sleeve. As the head is constantly oscillating, the oil which is delivered to the circumferential channel is constantly being spread across the opposed bearing surfaces. The oil ducts as they pass through the pump are provided with any suitable check valves to prevent any back feed or escape of the oil. Thus the level of the oil in the oiling system does not des cline upon stoppage of ethe crusher and pump. The oil ducts along the eccentric the oil can-escape only from the level of the ball bearings.- The oil in the line to the spherical bearings is always at the level or substantially up to the level of its inlet into the circumferential oil passage. Thus the entire machine 'is within a stroke or two after'the crusher has started up, and the flange of the v chance of any of the bearings burning out the concave in which the lower or outer seclocking means for hold ing the upper sections in provided with perforated outer edge, which secure it in sideof the spider; g The mantle upon the cone is also made in separate sections and since the mantle isnot positively secured upon the cone, being positioned thereupon by. the: pressure of the position, it being lugs around its position against the inthrough which pass the bolts springs, I provide against relative rotation and loosening of the parts upon the cone by opposed inclined ratchet surfaces upon the ad acent edges of the various sections. I illustrate these as opposed angular plane sur faced projections upon one element, and correspondingly shaped apertures upon the other. Relative rotation of the adjacent mantle elements naturally serves to force the lower mantle downwardly upon the cone. The relative rotation is not merely largely reduced and practically eliminated, but it is actually employed to seat the mantle element more firmly upon the cone. In practice I prefer to useconic ring sections, each of which has spaced above its periphery four of the angular projections or corresponding apertures, but any suitable number might be used from one up. When it is desired to remove or replace the mantle or any portion thereof, the fastening bolts are in'serted in the spring unit and the opposed springs are secured thereby against relative axial movement. Then the main shaft lock nut is removed, the springs are moved as a unit and the mantle sections are then lifted oflf.

Whereas I have shown a thoroughly practical and operative device, it will be realized that many changes might be made in the size, shape, number, disposition and relation of parts without departing from the spirit of my invention, and I therefore wish the description and drawings to be taken as in a broad sense illustrative, rather than as limiting me to the specific form or forms described and shown.

I claim:

1. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a head mounted within said concave and means for gyrating it, a crushing cone mounted upon said head, and yielding means for holding said cone in position thereupon, and against movement in relation thereto.

2. In a gyratory crusher, a concave, ahead -mounted therewithin, and means for gyratin it thereabout, and a crushing cone tiltab' y mounted upon said head.

3. In a gyratory crusher, a concave, a head mounted t erewithin, and means for gyratmg it thereabout, a crushing conetiltably mounted u on said head, and yielding means for norma y holding said cone against tilt- 1ng movement in relation to said head.

4. In a gyratory crusher, a concave, ahead mounted therewithin, and means for gyratmg it thereabout, a truncated crushing cone tiltably mounted upon said head, the cone engaging the head only about the top of the cone, and yielding means, operative against the upper edge of the cone, for normally holding said cone against tilting movement relation to said head.

5. In a gyratory crusher, a concave, a head mounted therewithin, and means for gyrat- -upon said cone, and

ing it, comprising in part a central shaft, adjacent the upper end ofwhich the head is mounted, a crushing conetiltably mounted upon said head and engaging it only about the top of the cone, and means for normally holding said cone against movement in relation to said head comprising a plurality of springs interposed and compressed between the. top of said cone and said central shaft.

6. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a head mounted'within said concave,

and means for gyrating it, a crushing cone head, a mantle mounted yielding means for holding said mantle upon said cone.

9. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing conmounted upon said cave, a head mounted within said concave,

and means for gyrating it, a crushing cone mounted on said head, a mantle mounted upon said cone, and yielding means for holding said mantle on said cone and said cone on said head.

10. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a head mounted within said concave, and means for gyratin it, a crushing cone mounted upon said hea said cone and head being provided with opposed substantially arcuate bearing surfaces, and yielding means for normally holding said cone against relative movement in relation -to said head.

11. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a vertical shaft mounted within said concave, and means for gyrating it, a crushing cone tiltably mounted upon said shaft, and yielding means for holding saidcone normally against tilting in relation to said.

shaft.

12. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a vertical shaft mounted within said concave, and means for gyrating it, a crushing cone tiltably mounted upon said shaft, and yielding means for holding said cone normally against movement in relation to said shaft, said yielding means being adapted to permit the cone to tilt in relation to the shaft in response to a predetermined pressure against the side of the cone.

13. .In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a ,vertical shaft mounted within said concave, means for gyrating it, a crushing cone tiltably mounted upon said shaft, said cone and shaft being provided with opposed arcuate bearing sur aces adjacent the top of the cone, and yielding means for holding cone positioned adjacent the top of said shaft, a member engaging the top of said cone, a member mounted upon said shaft,

and a plurality of spiral springs compressed between said members.

15. Ina gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a central shaft and means for gyrati'ng it therewithin, a head adjacent the top of said shaft, a crushing cone tiltably mounted upon said head, a member positioned above sald cone and adapted to transmit pressure thereto, a member held against axial nio'vement .in relation to said shaft and-positioned above said cone and said first member, and

yielding means compressed between said members-and adapted to thrust the lower of said members downwardly toward said cone.

16. In a gyratory crusher, a concave, a gyratory shaft positioned'within. said 'concave, and means for gyrating it, a head mounted upon said shaft, a cone mounted upon said head, a crushing mantle mounted upon said cone and unitary means for securing said mantle upon said cone, said cone upon said head, and said head upon said shaft.

17. In a gy ratory crusher, a concave.- a

' gyratory shaft positioned therewithin, and means for gyrating it, a head mounted upon said shaft, a cone mountedupon said head. a crushing mantle mounted upon said cone,

and unitary means for securing said mantle upon said cone, said cone upon said head and said head upon said shaft, comprising a member adapted to transmit pressure to said mantle, a member positioned thereaboveand fixed against axial movement in relation to said shaft, and yielding means compressed therebetween 18. In a gyratory crusher, a concave, a gyratory shaft positioned therewithin, and means for gyrating it, a head mounted upon said shaft, a'cone mounted upon said head, a crushing mantle mounted upon said cone, and unitar means for securing said mantle upon sai c ne, said cone upon said head and said head upon said shaft, comsure to said mantle, a member positioned thereabove and fixed against axial movement inrelation to said shaft, and a plurahty of spiral springs compressed therebetween.

I 19. Ina; gyratory crusher, a concave, a gyratory shaft positioned therewithin, and means for gyrating it, ahead mounted upon said shaft, a cone mounted upon said head, a crushing mantle mounted upon said cone,

-and:unitary means for securing said man-' and said head upon said shaft, comprising a member adapted to transmit pressure to the upper edge of said mantle, a spherical hearing surface thereupon, a member thereabove having an opposed spherical bearing surface adapted to conform to said first mentioned bearing surface, and axially movable along the shaft, a member positioned thereabove and fixed ,againstaxial movement in relation to said shaft; and yielding means compressed between said two members.

20. In a gyratory crusher, a concave, a gyratory shaft positioned therewithin and means for gyratin-g it, a head mounted upon said shaft, a cone mounted upon said head and yielding means for holding said cone upon said head, comprising a member adapted to transmit pressure to said cone, a member positioned thereabove, and fixed against axial movement inrelation to said shaft, a plurality of spiral springs compressed therebetween, and means for preventing relative rotation of said member.

21. In a" gyratory crusher, a concave, a gyratory shaft positioned therewithin and means for gyrating it, a crushing cone tiltably mounted upon said shaft and yielding means for holding said cone normally against movement in relation to said shaft, comprising a member adapted to transmit pressure to said cone, and having a spherical bearing surface thereabout, a member positioned thereabove, and having a spherical bearing surface about its lower portlon adapted to conform to said first mentioned bearing surface, a member positioned thereabove, and fixed against axialmovement in relation to said shaft, and yielding means compressed between said last two members.

22.. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a head mounted within said concave and means for gyrating it, a crushing cone tiltably mounted upon said head and means for exerting a substantially uniform downward pressure about the upper edge of said cone, when said cone is tilted.

23. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a head mounted within said concave, and means for gyrating it, a crushing cone andmeansfor holding it in position upon said head comprising a plurality of spiral springs interposedbetween the top ofsaid cone and said shaft, and means for equalizing the pressure of said springs when said cone is tilted.

24. In a gyratory crusher,a crushing co-ncave, a shaft mounted within said concave and means for gyrating it, a crushing cone tiltably mounted upon said shaft and means for exerting a substantially uniform downward pressure about the upper edge of sald cone' when said cone is tilted.

25. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a shaft mounted within said concave,

tle upon said cone, said cone upon said head a crushing cone mounted uponsaid shaft,

' supporting member, 40

shaft adapted thereabout, an oil pumping means, and separate oiling passages extending from said pumping means to the cone supporting bearing and the shaft bearing, and automatic means for maintaining said passages constantly filled with oil.

38. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing con cave and a crushing cone positioned therewithin, a support for the said cone provided with a bearing surface adapted to engage an opposed bearing surface on said cone, a to gyrate said cone, and a bearing thereabo'ut, an oil and separate oiling passage extending from said pumping means to the cone supporting bearing and to the bottom of the shaft hearing, oil ducts extending upwardly along said shaft bearing and automatic means for maintaining said passages and ducts constantly filled with oil.

39. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a crushing cone positioned therewithin and means for gyrating it, a supporting member for said cone, the cone being tiltably mounted in relation to said supporting member, securing means adapted to hold the cone normally in rigid relation with said supporting member, and adapted to permit said cone to tilt in relation sponse to a predetermined pressure against the side of the cone.

40. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a' crushing cone positioned therewithin and means for gyrating it, a supporting member for said cone, the cone being tiltably mounted in relation to said supporting member, securing means adapted to hold the cone normally in rigid relation with said and adapted to permit said cone to tilt in relation thereto in response to a predetermined pressure against the side of the cone, comprlsing a yielding member positioned above said cone and adapted to exert a downward pressure against the top thereof. 1

41. In a gyratory crusher, a crushing concave, a truncated crushing cone positioned therewithin and means for gyrating it, a supporting member for said cone, ,the cone belng tiltably mounted in relation to said against the side of the cone,

pumping means,

thereto, in re-' to 'hold the cone normally 1n rigid relation With said supporting member, to permit said cone to tilt in'relation thereto in response to a predetermined pressure yielding member positioned above said cone and adapted to exert a downward pressure against the upper edge thereof.

42. In a gyratory crusher, a pair of opposed crushing elements, the mean distance between which decreases from top to bottom of the crushing zone, comprising a crushing concave, within, means for gyrating it, and yielding securing means for one of said crushing elements adapted to permit it to tilt laterally away from the other in response to a predetermined pressure thereagainst.

43. In a gyratory crusher, a pair of opposed crushing elements, the mean distance between which decreases from top to bottom of the crushing zone, comprising a crushing concave, a cone mounted therewithin, means for gyrating it, and yielding securing means for one of said crushing elements adapted to permit it to tilt laterally away from the other in response to a predetermined pressure thereagainst, the fu crum point for said tilting action being positioned adjacent the top of the tilting element.

44. In a gyratory crusher, a pair of opposed crushing elements, comprising a crushing concave, a cone mounted therewithin, a fixed supporting member for said concave, a sup orting member for said cone and means or gyrating it, the opposed cone and concave both being normally fixed against movement in relation to their re spective supporting members, a yielding supporting means interposed between one of said crushing elements and its supporting member, adapted to permit it to move laterally away from the other in response to a predetermined pressure thereagainst in excess of normal crushing pressure. I

Signed at Los Angeles, county of. Los Angeles and State of California, this 5th day of November, 1924.

EDGAR B. SYMONS.

a cone mounted thereand adapted comprising a 

